Barium-cadmium organic complexes as stabilizers for halogen-containing resins



United States Patent 3,274,135 BARIUM-CADMEUM ORGANIC COMPLEXES AS STABHLIZERS FGR HALOGEN-CUNTAHN- ENG RESINS George R. Norman, Lyndhurst, and William M. Le Suer,

Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to The Luhrizol Corporation, Wickliife, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing. Filed Mar. 25, 1963, Ser. No. 267,788 13 Claims. (Cl. 260-43) This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. application Serial No. 858,603, filed December 10, 1959, which application is in turn a continuation-in-part of US. application Serial No. 410,461, filed February 15, 1954, and now abandoned.

This invention relates to novel polymeric compositions which possess enhanced stability with respect to the effect of heat and light. In a more particular sense it relates to halogen-bearing polymeric materials containing a bariumand cadmium-containing organic complex which is capable of imparting to such materials the above-mentioned stability.

The particular halogen-bearing polymeric materials which are benefited most by the stabilizing action of the complexes of this invention are those which contain chlorine attached to an aliphatic carbon atom. Typical examples of such polymeric materials are the 'homopolymers and interpolymers of vinyl chloride. These polymeric materials have a tendency to decompose, especially at elevated temperatures, with the evolution of hydrogen chloride. Such decomposition is undesirable for a variety of reasons, but particularly because it is associated with a darkening of the color of the polymeric material.

The use of minor amounts of additives for their stabilizing action with respect to such decomposition has been known for some time and these additives are for the most part presumed to act in a manner so as to inhibit the evolution of hydrogen chloride. This presumption is based upon the fact that many of the effective additives contain basically-reacting substances.

It is a principal object of the present invention to provide polymeric compositions having enhanced stability toward heat and light.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide bariumand cadmium-containing organic complexes which are useful as stabilizers for halogen-containing polymeric materials, especially chlorine-containing polymeric materials.

These and other objects of the invention are realized by incorporating in a halogen-bearing polymeric material an amount sufiicient to stabilize said polymeric material against deterioration, of a bariumand cadmiumcontaining organic complex made by the process Which comprises preparing a mixture comprising:

(A) an alcohol (B) an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing an average of at least about 6 carbon atoms and the barium and cadmium salts thereof, and

(C) a metallic base selected from the group consisting of barium bases and cadmium bases in an amount to provide in the mixture of components A-C, inclusive, at least about 0.1 equivalent each of cadmium and barium and a total of at least about 1.1 equivalents of barium and cadmium per equivalent of B; removing substantially all water from said mixture and then treating said mixture with at least about (x-y) equivalents of carbon dioxide, where x represents the total equivalents of barium and cadmium in the mixture and y represents the equivalents of B.

If desired, a phenol may also be present in the reaction mixture. The use of a phenol, while entirely optional with respect to the hereindescribed process, contributes to carbon dioxide utilization during carbonation and in many cases to the efiicacy of the final bariumand cadmium-containing complex as a stabilizing agent.

In the preferred practice of the invention, the alcohol and aliphatic monocarboxylic acid compound are mixed well, the cadmium base is added, and the whole is heated (added water and/or a phenol being optionally present) at 70250 C., generally 110200 C., until substantially all of any water present has been removed. Thereupon, the barium base is added and the whole is heated for a further period at the above-indicated temperatures until substantially all of the Water of reaction has been removed. Carbon dioxide is then dispersed through the reaction mixture to complete the formation of the desired bariumand cadmium-containing organic complex. The order of addition of components A-C, inclusive, is not critical and can differ from that described above, e.g., a mixture of all such components may be prepared and hated. It appears to be essential only that substantially all of any added water or water of reaction be removed from the mixture before the carbon dioxide is introduced. The presence of an excessive amount of water in the reaction mixture d uring carbonation tends to result in the formation of a complex which is not filtered easily, or which has poor clarity, or which is deficient in barium and cadmium. The water may be removed, as indicated, by simply heating the mixture to a temperature about C. at atmospheric or subatmospheric pressure. If subatmospheric pressures are employed, temperatures :below 100 C., e.g., 5095 C., are likewise effective to remove substantially all of any water present. in general, the water content of the mixture should not exceed about 3% when carbonation is begun, although somewhat more Water can be tolerated if the temperature during carbonation is maintained above 100 C. Best results are usually obtained when the amount of water does not exceed about 1% when carbonation is begun. At least enough carbon dioxide should be used to convert, on a theoretical basis, substantially all of the free barium and/ or cadmium base to the corresponding metal carbonates. If substantially less than such amount is used, the complex will not be well adapted for the purposes of the present invention. In actual practice, a considerable excess over the minimum amount of carbon dioxide required is dispersed through the reaction mixture so as to insure substantially complete metal carbonate formation. Such minimum amount of carbon dioxide can be expressed as (x-y) equivalents thereof, where x represents the total equivalents of barium and cadmium in the mixture and y represents the equivalents of B.

To facilitate the stirring of the mixture and. the purification as, e.g., by filtration, of the complex formed, it is generally desirable to carry out the reaction in the presence of a diluent such as a mineral oil, especially a neutral distillate oil or a white oil, or a volatile, inert solvent such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene, aromatic petroleum spirits, chlorobenzene, ortho-dich-lorobenzene, nitrobenzene, kerosene, etc. If the diluent is a mineral oil, the complex, which is oil-soluble, is obtained in the form of a more or less concentrated solution in such oil. If the diluent is a volatile solvent, such solvent may be removed by distillation, if desired, to obtain the solventfree complex.

As indicated previously, a portion of the barium and cadmium may be introduced into the reaction mixture as salts of the aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid. For example, the cadmium or barium salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid may be employed as component B. For the purposes of the present invention, it is necessary only that there be present in the reaction mixture at least about 0.1 equivalent each of cadmium and barium and a total of at least about 1.1 equivalents of barium and cadmium per equivalent of component B. The term equivalent as employed herein is used in its ordinary chemical sense, i.e., an equivalent of barium, cadmium, or carbon dioxide is one-half mole thereof, an equivalent of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is one mole thereof, an equivalent of water is one-half mole thereof, etc.

The complexes used for the purposes of the present invention possess a metal ratio of at least about 1.1 and generally from about 1.5 to about 5, although it may be as high as 10 or more. The term metal ratio as used herein refers to the ratio of the total equivalents of metal, both barium and cadmium, in the complex to the equivalents of aliphatic monocarboxylic acid compound. Thus it will be appreciated that these complexes contain a stoichiometric excess of metal, i.e., more than is associated with the normal metal salt of the aliphatic mon-ocarboxylic acid. The excess metal is believed to be present as colloidally dispersed metallic carbonate, but apart from this hypothesis little is known about the chemical composition of the complexes.

The amount of alcohol, i.e, component A, present in the mixture prior to carbonation is not critical. However, at least about :1 equivalent and preferably from about 1 to about 50 or more equivalents of component A per equivalent of component B should be used for optimum results. Water, which is optionally present in the process mass, may be present as water added as such to the mixture, or it may be present as wet alcohol, wet phenol, hydrates of the barium and/ or cadmium bases, chemically combined water (e.-g., Ba(-OH) may be regarded as B-aO+ (H O), etc. To accomplish the purposes of the present invention, it is important that the organic complex contain both barium and cadmium. If, for example, an alkali metal such as sodium is substituted for cadmium, the resulting bariumand sodium-containing organic complex is unsuited for the purposes of this invention.

A more detailed description of the principal components used in preparing the bariumand cadmium-containing organic complexes employed for the purposes of this invention is set forth below.

COMPONENT A This component, the alcohol, may be any one of the various available substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to about '20 or more carbon atoms. In most cases, the alcohol will be unsubstituted, i.e., it will conform to the formula ROI-I, Where R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. However, in some instances, the alcohol will contain organic and/ or inorganic substitutes such as aromatic radicals, hyomocyclic radicls, heterocyclic radicals, and nitro, ether, ester, sulfide, keto, amino, nitroso, etc., groups.

Examples of alcohols useful as this component include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol-l, n-pentanol-2, isoamyl alcohol, n-hexanol-l, n-hexanol-2, 4-methyl-pentano1-2, n-heptanol, primary-isooctanol (prepared, for example, by the well known Oxo process), 2- ethylhexanol, n-octanol, 3,5,5 trimethyl hexanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, ethylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, beta-phenethyl alcohol, 2-alpha-pyridyl-ethanol-l, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, n-eicosanol, n-tricosanol, n-triacontanol, Z-phelauryl alcohol, isododecanol (prepared, for example, by the hydration of triisobutylene), myristyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, n-eicosanol, n-tricosanol, n-triacontanol, Z-phenoxyet'hanol-l, Z-phenoxyethoxy-ethanol-l, 6-chloro-nhex-anol-l, 8-nitro-n-octanoll, 4-amino-cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol monooleate, glyceryl dipalmitate, 2-nbutoxy-ethanol-l, diethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether, 2- thiobutoxy-ethanol-l, etc. Of the various available alcohols, a preference is expressed for the aliphatic monohydric alcohols. Particularly preferred are the alkanols containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms such as n-hexanol, primary-isoocatanol, Z-ethylhexanol, and lauryl alcohol. In lieu of a single alcohol, mixtures of two or more different alcohols may also be used. Thus, for example, a commercial mixture of C -C alkanols is very well adapted to serve as this component COMPONENT B The aliphatic monocarboxy-lic acid compound contemplated for use as this component includes the various available aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing an average of at least about 6 carbon atoms, :as well as their corresponding barium and cadmium salts. In most instances, this component will be at least one substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms such as n hexoic acid, capric acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhex-oic acid, undecanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, lin-oleic acid, linolenic acid, tung oil acids, ricinoleic acid, 3,5,5-trimethyl-hexanoic acid, alipha-chlorostearic acid, alphanitrolauric acid, omego-amino-pentadecanoic acid, lauroxy acetic acid, eicosanoic acid, mono-laury-l adipate, phenyloleic acid, phenylstearic acid, chlorophenylstearic acid, xylylstearic acid, alipha-pyridyloleic acid, tetracosanoic acid, behenic acid, stearolic acid, etc. A preference is expressed for the higher fatty acids such as lauric, palmitic, 'oleic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic, myristic, palmitic, etc., acids and mixtures of fatty acids containing an aver-age of at least about 12 carbon atoms, by reason of their relatively low cost, availability, and excellence as starting materials for the preparation of the hereindescribed b-ariumand cadmium-containing organic complexes. For example, a mixture of mole-per cent of oleic and 2-5 mole-per cent of caprylic acid (contains an average of 15.5 carbon atoms) is useful as this component. In lieu of caprylic acid, the synthetic acid, 2- ethylhexoic acid, may be used in such mixture.

COMPONENT C This component, as noted previously is at least one metallic base selected from the group consisting of barium bases and cadmium bases. It is used to provide in the mixture of components A-C, inclusive, at least about 0.-l equivalent each of cadmium and barium and a total of at least about 1.1 equivalents of barium and cadmium per equivalent of component B. When component B is a barium salt of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, component C will be a cadmium base plus, optionally, any additional barium base desired to increase the barium content of the final organic complex. When component B is a cadmium salt of an aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid, component C will be a barium base plus, optional-ly, any additional cadmium base desired to increase the cadmium content of the final organic complex. When the preferred practice of using an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid as component B is followed, component C will consist of at least 0.1 equivalent of a cadmium base and sufficient barium base, i.e., at least 0.1 equivalent thereof, to supply the required total of at least about 1.1 equivalents of barium and cadmium. In other words, in the preferred practice all of the barium and cadmium in the final organic complex will have been supplied by the barium base and the cadmium base of component C. In most instances from about 0.8 to about 2 equivalents each of barium base and cadmiumbase will be used per equivalent of component B.

The barium base of component C includes principally the various basically-reacting inorganic compounds of barium such as barium oxide, barium hydroxide, hydrated barium hydroxides, barium hydrosulfide, barium sulfide, barium amide, barium carbide, barium nitride, etc. In some instances, it is also feasible to use basically-reacting barium compounds such as barium ethoxide, barium isopropoxide, etc., although the inorganic barium bases are preferred by reason of their lower cost and availability.

The cadmium base of component C includes principally the various inorganic cadmium bases such as cadmium oxide, cadmium suboxide, cadmium hydroxide, hydrated cadmium hydroxides, cadmium sulfide, etc.

The phenols which are optionally present in the hereindescribed process mass include principally substituted and unsubstituted monohydric or polyhydric phenols. The substituents may be organic and/ or inorganic. Examples of such phenols include phenol itself and alkylated and cycloalkylated mononuclear or polynucle-ar phenols containing from one to 150 or more carbon atoms in the substituent group or groups such as, -for example, ortho-, meta-, and para-cresols, xylenols, para-ethylphenol, ortho, para-diethylphenol, n-propylphenol, paraisopropylphenyl, di-isopropylphenol, para-allylphenol, n-butylphenol, paratertiary butylphenol, n-amylphenol, para-tertiary amylphenol, cetylphenol, olelphenol, wax-alkalated phenol, cyclohexylphenol, second-ary hexylphenol, heptylphenol, diisob-utylphenol, 3,5,S-trimethyl-n-hexylphenol, n-decylphenol, cetylphenol, oleylphenol, wax-alkylated phenol, polyisobutene-substitute'd phenol in which the polyisobutene substituent contains from about 20 to about 150 carbon atoms, etc.; aryl-substituted phenols such as phenylphenol, diphenylphenol, and naphthylphenol; polyhydroxyl aromatic compounds such as alizarin, quinizarin, hydroquinone, c-at-echol, pyrogallol, etc.; monohydroxy naphthalenes such as alpha-naphthol and beta-naphthol; polyhydroxy naphthalenes such as naphthohydroquinone and naphthoresorcinol; alkylated polyhydroxy aromatic compounds such as octylcatechol and mono(triisobutyl) pyrogallol; and substituted phenols such as para-nitrophenol, p-icric acid, ortho-chlorophenol, tertiaryabutyl chlorophenols, para-nitro ortho-chlorophenol, paraaminophenol, etc. In most instances the phenol, if used, will be a mono-alkyl phenol containing from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Thus, commercially available mono-alkyl phenols such as paratertiary butylphenol, heptylphenol, and dissobuty-lphenol (i.e., tertiary-octylphenol) are preferred.

The following examples are presented toillustrate specific modes of preparing the bariumand cadmiumcontaining organic complexes used for the purposes of the present invention. These examples are offered for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invent-ion, except as the latter is defined by the appended claims. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

Example 1 Into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a side-arm water trap, there is introduced 792 parts of a neutral distillate oil having a viscosity of 100 Saybolt seconds at 100 F., 291 parts (2.24 equivalents) of primaryisooctanol, 75 parts (8.30 equivalents) of water, 549 parts (1.94 equivalents) of oleic acid and 114 parts (0.6 equivalent) of heptylphenol. The whole is then heated to 76 C. and 130 parts (2.04 equivalents) of cadmium oxide is added. A slight heat of reaction is observed. Thereupon the mixture is heated to 150 C. and maintained at that temperature for 1 hour while 8 2 parts of water is removed by means of the side-arm water trap. Thereupon, 242 parts (2.56 equivalents) of barium hydroxide monohydr-ate is added to the mixture and the whole is stirred for 5 hours at ISO-152 C. while 12 parts of water is collected in the side-arm water trap. An analysis of the mixture at this point shows it to contain about 0.5% of water. 321 parts more of oil is added and then 150 parts (6.8 equivalents) of carbon dioxide is introduced into the mixture over a period of 5 hours at ISO-155 C. During the carbonation, 16 parts of water is observed to collect in the water trap. The carbonated mixture is then stripped of isooctanol and any remaining water at 160 C./ mm. Hg. Filtration of the 6 residue from the stripping operation yields a clear, bright filtrate, which is a 47.7% solution of the desired bariumand cadmium-containing complex in oil. The product shows the following analyses.

Percent barium 7.95

Percent cadmium 5.22

Percent combined CO 2.48

Metal ratio 2.32

Example 2 A bariumand cadmium-containing complex is prepared in the same manner set forth in Example 1 except that 330 parts (3.5 equivalents) of barium hydroxide monohydrate is used in lieu of the amount specified above.

Example 3 A bariurnand cadmium-containing complex is prepared in the same manner set forth in Example 1, except that 645 parts (1.94 equivalents) of cadmium oleate is used in lieu of the specified quantities of oleic acid and cadmium oxide.

Example 4 1484 parts of the neutral distillate oil described in Example 1, 540 parts (4.15 equivalents) of primary-isooctanol, parts (11 equivalents) of water and 732 parts (260 equivalents) of oleic acid are introduced into a reaction vessel fitted with a stirrer and a side-arm water trap. The whole is stirred at 76 C. while 172.8 parts (2.68 equivalents) of cadmium oxide is introduced. The reactants are heated for 3 hours at ISO-160 C. while water is removed by means of the water trap. Then 323 parts (3.32 equivalents) of barium hydroxide monohydrate is added over a period of 1.75 hours at 148-151" C. while additional water is removed by means of the water trap. parts (6.4 equivalents) of carbon dioxide is then introduced into the reaction mass over a period of 2.5 hours at ISO-155 C. Upon completion of the carbonation, the whole is stripped to a temperature of -155" C. at 71 mm. Hg to remove substantially all water and any alcohol present. Filtration of the residue from the stripping operation yields a clear filtrate, which is a 45.4% solution of the desired bariumand cadmium-containing complex in oil. The product shows the following analyses.

Percent barium 8.03 Percent cadmium 4.75 Metal ratio 2.1

The stabilized halogen-bearing polymeric compositions of this invention contain a minor proportion of a product prepared by the process described and illustrated above. Small amounts of such a product have been observed to be eiiective in enhancing the stability, particularly the thermal stability, of a polymeric material. The preferred range of concentration of the stabilizing agent of this invention is from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight based on the weight of the polymeric material. Thus, for every 100 parts of a polymeric material it has been found that a concentration of the stabilizing agent of this invention of from about 0.1 to about 5 parts is suflicient to stabilize such a material for most commercial applicatrons. tain applications where such higher concentrations provide desired benefits.

The bariurnand cadmium-containing complexes which result from the process of this invention are useful as stabilizers not only for homopolymers and interpolymers of vinyl chloride, but also for other polymers. Thus, they may be used as stabilizers for polyethylene, polyisobutylene, polystrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl bromide, polyvinylene chloride, interpolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, ethylene, diethyl fumarate, dibutyl maleate, vinylidene chloride, and the like, interpolymers of isobutylene with isoprene, butadiene, styrene, and the More than 5 parts may be used, of course, in cerlike, and i-nterpolymers of vinylidenechloride with diethyl maleate, methyl acrylate, acrylamide, vinyl acetate, and the like.

The following examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the herein described bariumand cadmiumcontaining complexes as stabilizing agents for halogenbearing polymeric materials. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts are by weight.

Various stabilizing agents were incorporated into a polymeric material by milling them for 10 minutes at 150l60 C. with a clear, colorless plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition consisting of 200 parts of polyvinyl chloride powder, 90 parts of dioctyl phtha'late, and 10 parts of epoxidized soybean oil. The amount of stabilizing agent or agents used in each instance was calculated to add 0.15 part of barium and 0.1 part of cadmium per 100' parts of plasticized polyvinyl chloride composition. Each stabilized composition was milled to yield a sheet having an average thickness of 50 mils and from such sheet five 0.75-inch squares were out. One square of each stabilized composition was evaluated immediately for color and clarity. The remaining four squares of each composition were placed in an oven maintained at 180 C. and withdrawn at intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes for color and clarity determinations. The test results are given in Table I.

alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, and ara'lkyl radicals, although such radicals substituted to an extent not greater than about 70 weight percent by chloro, fiuoro, bromo, nitro, ether, keto, sulfide, ester, etc., groups are likewise contemplated. In most instances, each of R, R, and R will be the same, preferably an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl radical and most desirably a C to C alkyl radical or the phenyl or cresyl radical. Thus, R, R, and R may be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, beta-ethoxyethyl, n-amyl, isoamyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, beta-butoxyethyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, n-heptyl, isooctyl, chloro-octyl, n-nonyl, 3,5,5-trimethyl-n-hexyl, decyl, lauryl, isododecyl, cetyl, oleyl, eicosyl, tetracosyl, hexacosyl, triacontyl, phenyl, cresyl, ethylphenyl, tertiary-butylphenyl, tertiaryamylphenyl, chlorophenyl, naphthyl, ethoxyphenyl, ethylrnercaptophenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, etc.

Specific examples of phosphites useful for the purposes of the present invention include triethyl phosphite, triisobutyl phosphite, tri-n-amyl phosphite, tri-n-hexyl phosphite, tri-cyclohexyl phosphite, di-(methylcyclohexyl) phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, tri-(Z-ethylhexyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trioleyl phosphite, di-isobutyl phosphite, phenyl di-isobutyl phosphite, isobutyl di-n-hexyl phosphite, mono-lauryl phosphite, mono-o'leyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, tricresyl phosphite, tri-(alpha-naph- TABLE I.THERMAL STABILITY OF VARIOUS STABILIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE COMPOSITIONS Inspector's Remarks; Square Observed After- Stabilizing Agent Employed 0 minutes (milled ma- 15 minutes minutes minutes 60 minutes terial per se) Product of Example l Clear, colorless Clear, colorless Clear colorless Clear, colorless Clear, almost colorless. Barium alkyl carboxylate Cloudy, but other- Cloudy, but other- Faintly cloudy but ..do Clear, pronounced and cadmium Zcthylwise colorless. wise colorless.

hexoatc. Barium and cadmium d0 Cloudy, very slight laurates. yellowing.

otherwise colorless. yellowing.

Cloudy, slight yellowing.

Cloudy, moderate yellowing.

It will be noted that the stabilizing agent used in accordance with the present invention was more effective than known bariumand cadmium-containing stabilizing agents in inhibiting the deterioration of a polyvinyl chloride composition.

In addition to the hereindescribed bariumand cadmium-containing organic complexes, the polymeric compositions of this invention may also contain known improving agents such as pigments, Ihrighteners, fillers, plasticizers, anti-static agents, anti-sticking agents, metal phenates such as barium octylphenate or calcium heptylphenate, organotin compounds, metal alkyl carboxylates such as the barium, strontium, calcium, zinc, or cadmium salts of fatty acids or synthetic carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, 2-ethylhexoic acid, etc., alkyl phosphites and phosphates, aryl phosphites and phosphates, oxidation inhibitors such as 2,6-di-tertiary-butyl- 4-methyl-pheno1 or 4,4-methylene-bis (2,6 di tertiarybutylphenol), and the like.

Especially preferred for use in combination with the hereindescribed bariumand cadmium-containing complexes in polymeric compositions are substituted and unsubstituted organic phosphites, especially those which conform to the formula and R" is a substantially hydrocarbon radical. Preferably, R, R, and R" are hydrocanbon radicals such as thyl) phosphite, tri-(chlorophenyl) phosphite, tri-(tertiarybutylphenyl) phosphite, tribenzyl phosphite, tri-(betaphenethyl) phosphite, tri-(beta-butoxyethyl) phosphite, dibenzyl phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, etc. Of the various phosphites, a preference is expressed for triaryl phosphites such as triphenyl phosphite and tri-(C -C alkyl) phosphites such as trioctyl phosphite and tridecyl phosphite. In lieu of a single phosphite, mixtures of two or more different phosphites may also be employed.

A minor proportion of an organic phosphite may be used in the polymeric compositions of this invention. Generally, the phosphite will be present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5 and preferably from about 0.01 to about 2.5 parts per hundred parts of polymer. Up to 10 or even 15 parts can be used, of course, in applications where such larger amounts provide desired benefits.

Representative of plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions which contain the hereindescribed bariumand cadmium-containing complex, a phosphite and, optionally, other auxiliary improving agents are compositions which conform to the following formula Parts Polyvinyl chloride Plasticizer 20-100 Epoxidized fatty oil 0-10 Complex of this invention 1.5-3.5

Organic phosphite 0.01-2.5 Metal alkyl c'arboxylate 0-05 Specific examples of plasticized polyvinyl chloride compositions of this invention are shown in Table II.

TABLE II Example Ingredients Parts A Polyvinyl chloride 100 Epoxidizcd soyabean oil. Dioctyl phthalate 30 Tricresyl phosphite 1 Product of Example 1 2 B Polyvinyl chloride. 100

Epoxidized butyl oleat 7. 5 Dinonyl sebacate 45 Trioctyl phosphite 2 Product of Example 3 3 C Polyvinyl chloride 100 Epoxidized Safliower oil 5 Dilauryl pllthalate. 20 Tridecyl phosphite. 2. 5 Product of Example 2v 5 D Polyvinyl chloride 100 Dinonyl phthalate 70 Tricresyl phosphite.. 1. 5 Product of Example 4 1. 5 E Polyvinyl chloride. 100 Dioctyl phthalate 50 Tri-n-hexyl phosphitc 1. 5 Zinc 2-ethylhexoate. 0.2 Product of Example 1 2. 5 F Polyvinyl chloride 100 Epoxidized Rapeseed oil 3 Dioctyl phthalate 60 Diphenyl decyl phosphite 0.5 Product of Example 4 2 G Polyvinyl chloride 100 Dioctyl phthalate 35 Product of Example 1 2 H Polyvinyl chloride 100 Dioctyl phthalate 35 Product of Example 1 2 Triphenyl phosphite (technical grade) 0.75

The polyvinyl chloride compositions of Examples G and H were compared in the thermal stability test described earlier. It was noted that the composition of Example G remained clear and colorless until the 60 minute inspection period, at which time it was found to have slightly yellowed. On the other hand, the composition of Example H (similar to the composition of Example G except for the presence of a phosphite) remained clear and colorless for the entire duration (60 minutes) of the test.

What is claimed is:

1. A stabilized halogen-bearing polymeric composition comprising a halogen-bearing polymeric material containing an amount, sufiicient to stabilize said polymeric material against deterioration, of a bariumand cadmiumcontaining organic complex made by the process which comprises preparing a mixture comprising:

(A) from about 0.1 to about 50 equivalents of an alcohol,

(B) one equivalent of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids containing an average of at least about 6 carbon atoms and the barium and cadmium salts thereof,

(C) at least about 0.1 equivalent of a barium base,

and

(D) at least about 0.1 equivalent of a cadmium base, 60

the amount of barium base and cadmium base in the mixture being suflicient to provide a total of at least about 1.1 equivalents of barium and cadmium per equivalent of component (B),

removing substantially all water from said mixture and then treating said mixture with at least about (x-y) equivalents of carbon dioxide, where x represents a total equivalents of barium and cadmium in the mixture and y represents the equivalents of component (B).

2. The composition in accordance with claim 1 characterized further in that component (A) is primary-isooctanol, component (B) is oleic acid, component (C) is barium hydroxide, and component (D) is cadmium oxide.

3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 characterized further in that component (A) is an aliphatic monohydric alcohol.

4. A composition in accordance with claim 3 characterized further in that the aliphatic monohydric alcohol is an alkanol containing from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms.

5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 characterized further in that component (B) is at least one aliphatic mono-carboxylic acid containing an average of from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms.

6. A composition in accordance with claim 5 characterized further in that the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is a fatty acid.

7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 characterized further in that components (C) and (D) consist of from about 0.8 to about 2 equivalents each of barium hydroxide and cadmium oxide per equivalent of component (B).

8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 characterized further in that the halogen-bearing polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and interpolymers of vinyl chloride.

9. A composition in accordance with claim 2 characten ized further in that heptylphenol is additionally present in the mixture of primary-isooctanol, oleic acid, barium hydroxide, and cadmium oxide.

10. A composition in accordance with claim 1 which additionally contains a minor proportion of an organic phosphite.

11. A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the organic phosphite is a tri-(C C alkyl) phosphite.

12. A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the organic phosphite is a triaryl phosphite.

13. A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein the organic phosphite is triphenyl phosphite.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,932,889 10/1933 Groff 260-23 2,364,410 12/1944 Whittaker 26045.7 2,564,646 8/1951 Leistner et a1 26023 XR 2,590,059 3/1952 Winkler 260--45.75 2,671,064 3/ 1954 Cowell et al 26023 XR 2,695,910 11/1954 Asseff et al. 260-45.75 3,147,232 9/1964 Norman et al. 26023 XR 3,194,823 7/1965 Le Suer et a1 26023 XR LEON J. BERCOVITZI, Primary Examiner.

R. A. WHITE, Assistant Examiner.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,274,135 September 20, 1966 George R. Norman et al.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 2, line 20, for "hated" read heated column 3, line 33, for "(H O)" read H O) line 54, for "hy0mocyclic radicls" read homocyclic radicals line 66, strike out "alcohol, n-eicosanol, n-tricosanol, n-triacontanol, 2-phe-" and insert instead alcohol, 2-cyclohexy1-ethan0l-l, n-decanol, n-undecanol, column 5, line 19, strike out "phenol, cetylphenol, olelphenol, wax-alkalated phenol," and insert instead phenol, para-cyclopentylphenol, cyclohexylphenol, methylline 40, for "dissobutylphenol" read diisobutylphenol column 6, line 71, for "polystrene" read polystyrene line 72, for "polyvinylene" read polyvinylidene Signed and sealed this 29th day of August 1967.

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST W. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. A STABILIZED HALOGEN-BEARING POLYMERIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING A HALOGEN-BEARING POLYMERIC MATERIAL CONTAINING AN AMOUNT, SUFFICIENT TO STABILIZE SAID POLYMERIC MATARIAL AGAINST DETERIORATION, A BARIUM- AND CADMIUMCONTAINING ORGANIC COMPLEX MADE BY THE PROCESS WHICH COMPRISES PREPARING A MIXTURE COMPRISING: (A) FROM ABOUT 0.1 TO ABOUT 50 EQUIVALENTS OF AN ALCOHOL, (B) ONE EQUIVALENT OF AN ALIPHATIC MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALIPHATIC MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS CONTAINING AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST ABOUT 6 CARBON ATOMS AND THE BARIUM AND CADMIUM SALTS THEREOF, (C) AT LEAST ABOUT 0.1 EQUIVALENT OF A BARIUM BASE, AND (D) AT LEAST ABOUT 0.1 EQUIVALENT OF A CADMIUM BASE, THE AMOUNT OF BARIUM BASE AND CADMIUM BASE IN THE MIXTURE BEING SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE A TOTAL OF AT LEAST ABOUT 1.1 EQUIVALENTS OF BRIUM AND CADMIUM PER EQUIVALENT OF COMPONENT (B). REMOVING SUBSTANTIALLY ALL WATER FROM SAID MIXTURE AND THEN TREATING SAID MIXTURE WITH AT LEAST ABOUT (X-Y) EQUIVALENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE, WHERE X REPRESENTS A TOTAL EQUIVALENTS OF BARIUM AND CADMIUM IN THE MIXTURE AND Y REPRESENTS THE EQUIVALENTS OF COMPONENT (B), 